Violence on Televison :: TV Violence

The Effects of Violence on Television What has our general public gone to nowadays? Wherever we look, savagery is available; in the avenues, back rear entryways, school, and even at home. Regardless of whether one may be a radical, viciousness will leak its way into our homes through the TV. A few kids that see brutality on TV are maneuvered into its destructive duplicities of critical thinking. Researchers have attempted to clarify why youngsters are so delighted by a major gleaming box and the activity that happens inside it. Research shows that TV is a significant wellspring of viciousness for youngsters. This exploration gives us that viciousness advances to each crowd, including youngsters. The impacts have been found in various cases. One model, from Alabama, was the point at which a nine-year-old kid got an awful report card from his educator. He proposed to one of his companions that he send the educator harmed candy as vengeance. He had seen a similar situation on TV the prior night. In California, a multi year old kid sprinkled ground-up glass into the sheep stew the family was to have for supper. When inquired as to why he did it he answered that he needed to check whether the outcomes would be the equivalent, all things considered, as they were on TV (Howe 72). A few people probably won't acknowledge a child’s preoccupation of fault, yet it must be brought up that all of youngsters professed to have seen a comparable follow up on TV. We ought not consider TV legitimately answerable for these demonstrations, however comprehend that it is TV that plants a brutal seed in the psyches of these youngsters. A few analysts and therapists feel that proceeded with introduction to such viciousness may unnaturally accelerate the effect of the grown-up world on the kid. This can constrain the kid into a sort of untimely development. As the kid develops into a grown-up, he can get stupefied, have a more prominent doubt towards others, a shallow way to deal with grown-up issues, and even a reluctance to turn into a grown-up (Carter 14). Others consider TV to be an undesirable inconvenience into a child’s learning process, subbing simple pictures for the control of perusing and focusing and changing the youthful watcher into a spellbound non-mastermind (Langone 48). As should be obvious, TV viciousness can disturb a child’s learning and thinking capacity, which will cause long lasting issues. The TV viciousness can cause genuine brutality in various manners. Viciousness on Televison :: TV Violence The Effects of Violence on Television What has our general public gone to nowadays? Wherever we look, savagery is available; in the lanes, back rear entryways, school, and even at home. Regardless of whether one may be a conservative, brutality will leak its way into our homes through the TV. A few youngsters that see brutality on TV are maneuvered into its destructive double dealings of critical thinking. Researchers have attempted to clarify why youngsters are so diverted by a major gleaming box and the activity that happens inside it. Research shows that TV is a significant wellspring of brutality for kids. This examination gives us that savagery advances to each crowd, including youngsters. The impacts have been found in various cases. One model, from Alabama, was the point at which a nine-year-old kid got a terrible report card from his instructor. He proposed to one of his companions that he send the educator harmed candy as vengeance. He had seen a similar situation on TV the prior night. In California, a multi year old kid sprinkled ground-up glass into the sheep stew the family was to have for supper. When inquired as to why he did it he answered that he needed to check whether the outcomes would be the equivalent, all things considered, as they were on TV (Howe 72). A few people probably won't acknowledge a child’s preoccupation of fault, yet it must be called attention to that all of youngsters professed to have seen a comparable follow up on TV. We ought not consider TV legitimately answerable for these demonstrations, however comprehend that it is TV that plants a brutal seed in the brains of these youngsters. A few analysts and therapists feel that proceeded with presentation to such savagery may unnaturally accelerate the effect of the grown-up world on the kid. This can compel the kid into a sort of untimely development. As the kid develops into a grown-up, he can get confused, have a more noteworthy doubt towards others, a shallow way to deal with grown-up issues, and even a reluctance to turn into a grown-up (Carter 14). Others consider TV to be an unfortunate burden into a child’s learning process, subbing simple pictures for the order of perusing and focusing and changing the youthful watcher into a spellbound non-scholar (Langone 48). As should be obvious, TV brutality can upset a child’s learning and thinking capacity, which will cause long lasting issues. The TV brutality can cause genuine savagery in various manners.

Essay about Analysis of Chipotle´s Back to the Start The...

Chipotle’s â€Å"Back to the Start† advertisement captures the sentiments of the audience by depicting Chipotle’s competitors’ practices as unethical. In both â€Å"Back to the Start† and the â€Å"Scarecrow† advertisements, Chipotle attempts to align itself with society’s growing belief that humane agriculture is better. Chipotle’s advertisements present their practices to be ethical, which sets its products apart from its competition. However, Chipotle’s message employs the same sentimental appeals and logical fallacies that are effective in their competitors’ advertisements. The â€Å"Back to the Start† advertisement depicts the life of a farmer as he converts his farm into an industrialized animal factory. The scene opens in darkness and transitions to†¦show more content†¦Such signs do not signify hamburgers. Rather, they are displayed in order to prompt in the childs mind an automatic association of fantasy, fun, and McDonalds. In recent advertisements, Chipotle emulates the Ronald McDonald Campaign, by the appearance of the characters and scenery as something from a children’s book. This sentimental appeal seeks to connect the audience to their childhood, recalling a time in which all was right with the world. Specifically in Chipotle’s â€Å"Scarecrow† advertisement, Chipotle associates a children’s character with their product. The scarecrow works at an industrialized farming enterprise under the control of mechanized crows. In modern society, the scarecrow is perceived as a guardian defending the garden against crows. Though now the crows, the destroyers of food, are in charge of food production. While the scarecrows, the protectors of food, are widgets in its unnatural production. The crows are robot-drones with flaming radioactive eyes, symbolizing corrupt food corporations. The crow pecks and squawks at the scarecrow ordering him to work in the factory. The scarecrow and the farmer are two distinguished American images. In â€Å"Back to the Start†, Chipotle associates the farmer with the American dream, in that we are all independent and capable of achieving success through hard work. Furthering this patriotic association, the farmer’s family portrays the standard American family and there is a tire swing in the background. TheShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagescases that have stimulated student discussions and provoked useful insights, but newer case possibilities are ever contesting for inclusion. Examples of good and bad handling of problems and opportunities are forever emerging. But sometimes we bring back an oldie, and with updating, gain a new perspective. For new users, I hope the book will meet your full expectations and be an effective instructional tool. Although case books abound, you and your students may find this somewhat unique and very

The Perspective of Plato and Aristotle on the Value of...

The Perspective of Plato and Aristotle on the Value of Art As literary critics, Plato and Aristotle disagree profoundly about the value of art in human society. Plato attempts to strip artists of the power and prominence they enjoy in his society, while Aristotle tries to develop a method of inquiry to determine the merits of an individual work of art. It is interesting to note that these two disparate notions of art are based upon the same fundamental assumption: that art is a form of mimesis, imitation. Both philosophers are concerned with the artists ability to have significant impact on others. It is the imitative function of art which promotes disdain in Plato and curiosity in Aristotle. Examining the reality that art†¦show more content†¦Art is removed from any notion of real truth, an inherently flawed copy of an already imperfect world. Art as an imitation is irrelevant to what is real. Aristotle approaches reality from a completely different premise. While his ideas do stand in sharp contrast to Platos, they are not simply a refutation of his former mentors views. To Aristotle, the world exists in an infinitely diverse series of parts. These various parts are open to human observation and scrutiny. Rather than an eternally regressing truth beyond the scope of human apprehension, knowledge of truth and good are rooted firmly in the observable universe; truth, or at least gestures toward it, lies in existence rather than essence. Aristotle encourages embracing the particular in order to possibly gain a sense of the universal. There is, however, no universal system of inquiry to investigate each part of the whole. Different parts require different methods of discourse. In The Poetics, Aristotle attempts to articulate a method of inquiry, not a rigid system or standard of evaluation, applicable to tragedy. Tragedy attempts to imitate the complex world of h uman actions, and yet tragedy is itself still part of a larger, more complicated world of human existence. Tragedy is aShow MoreRelatedArguments of Plato in The Republic and Aristotle in Poetics1179 Words   |  5 PagesWhat does imitation (mimesis) involve for Plato and Aristotle? Explain its different features. Mimesis, the ‘imitative representation of the real world in art and literature’ , is a form that was particularly evident within the governance of art in Ancient Greece. Although its exact interpretation does vary, it is most commonly used to describe artistic creation as a whole. The value and need for mimesis has been argued by a number of scholars including Sigmund Freud, Philip Sydney and Adam SmithRead More Aristotelian Rhetoric: Progression of Sophists Nascent Teachings2545 Words   |  11 PagesScholars and historians of rhetoric consider the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, one of the great contributors to our present understanding of this art which, since its early origins and until present, has been a controversial field of study because of its association with persuasion and influence. However, readings of the many ancient and contemporary texts and analyses of the origins and the developments of this ancient art marginalized the role of the Sophists, who were t he first to introduce rhetoricRead MoreIn The Ancient World, Little Efforts Were Made To Protect1592 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat inequalities between status of women and men in the society. Feminism is an issue that has been dealt with seriously by a number of influential philosophers, who have posit different views on social roles of women in the society. Plato Theory and Feminism Plato is arguably one of the great philosophers who can plausibly be regarded as feminists though his arguments have not been analyzed to a greater extent. Without reservation, it can be safely argued that ancient Greek did not recognize women’sRead MoreThe Fall Of Death, Destruction And War879 Words   |  4 Pagesrebirth that swept across Europe during the 14th to 17th century . This era marked the time in which man returned to their classical learning and values of ancient rome and greece and began to change their attitude towards religion (history.com staff). While the renaissance is in the past it continues to live on throughout many different fields of art, theories and movements, however, paintings tend to be most symbolic of what the renaissance era was. The Renaissance era was faced with the hundredRead MoreThe Renaissance Era915 Words   |  4 Pagesrebirth that swept across Europe during the 14th to the 17th century . This era marked the time in which man returned to their classical learning and values of ancient Rome and Greece and began to change their attitude towards religion (Renaissance Art). While the Renaissance is in the past it continues to live on throughout many different fields of art, theories and movements. However, paintings such as â€Å"the Mona Lisa†, â€Å"The School of Athens†, and â€Å"The Arnolfini Portrait† which were created by theRead MoreHow can Art be Defined1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe search for a definition of Art has been subject of a complex philosophical reflection incorporated; however, within different thematics because the very idea of Art is changeable as it relies on the culture and the tradition of a particular epoch. Etymologically, the word Aesthetics derives from the Greek à  isthesis, which means perception by the senses. It used to refer as the study of the world of perceptions as the doctrine aimed to discover the complexity of perceptive knowledge. In ancientRead MoreAristotelian Rhetoric: An Evolution of Sophist’s Discredited Methodology1866 Words   |  8 Pages Scholars of rhetoric consider the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, one of the great contributors to our present understanding of this art which, since its early origins and until present, has been a controversial field of study because of its association with persuasion and influence. However, an examination of ancient rhetoric and its development by the Sophists and then a study on Aristotle’s theory on rhetoric and how he concluded his findings direct our attention to whether this Greek philosopherRead MorePlato vs. Aristotle1952 Words   |  8 PagesPlato vs. Aristotle Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very cleverly illustrated by Raphaels School of Athens (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural sciences. In a discussion of politics, the stand point of each philosopher becomes an essential factor. It is not coincidentalRead MorePlato Vs Aristotle On Politics And Philosophy1899 Words   |  8 PagesPlato versus Aristotle Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very cleverly illustrated by Raphael s School of Athens (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural sciences. In a discussion of politics, the stand point of each philosopher becomes an essential factor. It is not coincidental thatRead More The Platonist Tradition and the Ordering of Knowledge Essay examples3662 Words   |  15 Pagesdiscipline unless it has a utilitarian value — may be challenged from the perspective of the Platonist tradition. The ascent through philosophy to the vision of Beauty in itself in Platos Symposium affirms the perception of beauty or nobility as the ultimate end and value of all know ledge. Marsilio Ficinos adaption of Plato in the Renaissance articulates a more metaphysical ascent which broadens the objects of knowledge in order to include the cosmos and the arts as well as philosophy. Together, these

The Health Benefits of Exercise Essay - 791 Words

Lack of exercise is the cause of most health-related issues today. Americans are becoming ill every second from lack of exercise, yet nothing is being done to prevent these diseases. Diet plans and exercise programs are advertised in every corner, yet they are ignored. Many disorders and diseases are preventable, and even curable without the aid of modern technology. Regardless, the illnesses are at an all time high and show no sign of declining. What many individuals fail to realize is how essential fitness is to life. It is imperative in order to sustain a healthy lifestyle for many reasons. Exercise is a vital component of life. Exercise can contribute to a healthier mental and physical lifestyle. The human body is meant to†¦show more content†¦With regular exercise, the cardiac output is sustained at a lesser heart rate. A healthy fitness lifestyle can also raise the level of high-density lipoproteins. These proteins are cholesterol carries that transfer cholesterol to the liver so that the body can rid of it. The immune system is more developed through exercise. They human body is less likely to catch a virus or illness if kept in strong condition. The skeletal system is yet another bodily system that is effected by fitness. The skeletal system is improved because the bone mineral density is maintained through healthy lifestyles, which can help prevent osteoporosis. Through exercise, the muscular system is greatly enhanced. Muscular strength is expanded, which eventually increases muscular endurance. Muscles are also able to use energy better if re gular exercise is practiced. Healthy fitness levels can potentially protect against injury and it improves the joints in the body. Physical exercise reduces the levels of anxiety, stress, and it helps alleviate depression. In improving moods, the endocrine system would be greatly affected. In addition, pain sensitivity will be decreased due to higher levels of endorphins in the brain. Fitness is the measure of several things. One thing that it does measure is the physical activity level of an individual. Some of the components of fitness include cardiovascular capability, muscular strength, and flexibility. An individual withShow MoreRelatedThe Health Benefits of Exercise Essay826 Words   |  4 Pages Exercise is not just for Olympic athletes or supermodels. In fact, youre never too unfit, too young or too old to do it. Regardless of your age, gender or role in life, you can benefit from regular physical activity. If youre committed, exercise in combination with a sensible diet can help provide an overall sense of well-being and can even help prevent chronic illness, disability and premature death. Some of the benefits of increased activity are Improved Health, Read More The Health Benefits of Exercise Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesExercise is one of the most important factors in a persons’ life. Physical activity, or the lack of it, can result in a person having a healthy life or cause them to have diabetes. The benefits of exercise are countless. The positive health results, the improvement in attitude, even better academic performance are all factors which make not exercising inexcusable. Merely not using a person’s body is harmful. Not being active results in a person’s muscles becoming weak and out of condition. TheRead MoreBenefits Of Physical Exercise For Health1000 Words   |  4 Pagesactivity is surprising because in the West, it is often believed that many people do exercise. It is true that sports circles and newspaper articles devoted to the benefits of physical exercise for health are more numerous than ever but, overall, the information related to the usefulness of physical activity seem not lead to behaviour change (O Brien et al 2015). Sedentary lifestyles have serious consequences for public health. In particular, in recent years, obesity is increasing dramatically throughoutRead MoreHealth Benefits Of Regular Exercise1266 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years society has become increasingly aware of the need for physical fitness to gain a better health outlook and improved physique. Almost with every facing direction, whether it is on television, social media, magazines, or by the office water cooler advice on improving health can be given without solicitation. Most of the advice is advocating using a fitness monitor that encourages an active lifestyle that merits serious attention. Tasks consists of moderate to vigorous ambulatory activitiesRead More The Health Benefits of Exercise Essay2957 Words   |  12 Pagesenough exercise to burn off those unwanted pounds. Talk about getting in shape is all over books, magazines, TV shows, newspaper articles and celebrity videos that are all centered around fitness and e xercise. I think everyone would agree that exercise and physical fitness are a very important part of our lives, â€Å"...but the truth is most adult Americans do not exercise on a regular basis. And yet, to feel good, look our best and live longer, fuller lives, regular exercise is a must† (Exercise YourRead MoreThe Health Benefits of Exercise Essay2467 Words   |  10 PagesThe Benefits of Physical Exercise to the Human Body The benefits of physical exercise in humans far outweighs the harmful effects associated with exercise. A prescription of physical activity has been known to delay the onset or prevention of many chronic diseases. An improvement in heart function, lower blood pressure and improve functional capacity is noticed after just a few weeks of exercising. Physical activity will also result in an increase of lean muscle mass, promote weight maintenanceRead MoreEssay on The Health Benefits of Exercise490 Words   |  2 Pagesvague as fitness is built up of many factors. The main ones include, general Fitness, aerobic fitness and specific fitness. General fitness is the ability to meet the demands of every day life. General fitness is closely liked with health related fitness and it has several components including Strength the force muscles exert when they contact. Flexibility or suppleness, the range of movement at a joint. Speed, is the ability to move your body or a section of your bodyRead MoreThe Health Benefits of Exercise Essay example672 Words   |  3 Pagesout for the sake of health and well-being is becoming increasingly important as we continue to learn the effects of inactivity. There are many benefits that arrive from the presence of exercise in your daily routine. Improve strength, improved cardiovascular fitness, and an improved immune system are just three of the MANY benefits that come from exercise and activity. I will tell you a little bit more about each of these three benefits and how and why they can help to benefit you. First, strengthRead MoreDo Exercise Really Benefit Ones Health?611 Words   |  2 PagesDo you think that exercise benefit ones health? Within the last twenty years or more there has been an abundance of research performed on this topic by healthcare professionals. There are some researchers who understand the need to make exercise a part of a daily routine. They understand that exercise has the potential to help with diseases such as diabetes, cancer- colon, breast, and even possibly lung and endometrial, Alzheimer, and protect one from developing heart disease and stroke or its precursorRead More importance of physical activity in youths Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant to the overall health of a child. Regular physical activity is essential to both the mental and physical health aspects. Positive exercise habits formed in childhood tend to carry over into adulthood, thus helping reduce death and illness in the future. There are many other positive benefits that come thro ugh the form of exercise. Just as well, there are negative effects that can results from lack of exercise. Developing and instilling the importance of exercise through education is valuable

Effective Study Skills Are the Sole Foundation of a Sound Education free essay sample

To establish whether or not effective study skills are indeed the core foundation of a sound education, there firstly needs to be an understanding of what study skills are and what is meant by a sound education. Other factors that impact on education also need to be explored. The term study skills is defined in Wikipedia (2012) as â€Å"techniques to assist the individual to be an effective learner. † Although some students may naturally possess good study skills, most people do not. However Cottrell (2008) explains â€Å"a skill is a learned activity, something that can be developed through practice. † Time management, active listening, reading comprehension, presentation skills, memory techniques, critical thinking skills, research and evaluation, writing skills are all categorised as study skills and whether a natural attribute or an acquired skill have to be fine tuned and developed in order to be effective. A review by Biggs Purdie (1996) found that study skills can be taught and that they can add between one and two grades to a students results. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Study Skills Are the Sole Foundation of a Sound Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However as education is defined in the Collins English Dictionary (2006) as â€Å"the imparting and acquiring of knowledge through teaching and learning† there are many other factors beside study skills that impact on an individuals education. Social, economic and cultural backgrounds can have a massive influence over the ability for young people to access even the most basic education. In many parts of the world, free public education is still not readily available for all children and as reported by the BBC (2006) a study carried out by the Nations Education Organisation Unesco finds sending one child to primary school can cost more than a month’s wages in many third world countries. Having access to free education however does not necessarily guarantee success. Children of lower socioeconomic groups who have access to free education can face many barriers in education, with attitude, aspiration and ehaviour toward education playing a part; proving â€Å"life opportunities can make a significant difference on natural intelligence (Stella 2008) Parenting skills can also impact on a childs’ education, for instance, a child’s reading ability is associated with the reading environment around them and there is evidence (Joseph Rowntree Foundation March 2010) that parental involvement with school is associated with achievement. Previous negative experience can also be a barrier to learning for students from all walks of life. A bad learning experience in the past can have a lasting impression on a students’ attitude towards education. This leads on to the final ingredient lack of motivation. The student has to have a willingness to learn and no amount of techniques and skills can improve a persons desire to want to learn. In conclusion, although popular opinion agrees effective study skills are a necessary and valid tool in the building of a student’s education, unless all the other pieces in the jigsaw are in place study skills are either irrelevant or ineffective and therefore cannot be deemed to be the core foundation of a sound education.

Revenge Is The Act Of Retaliating In Order To Get Even With Someone Fo

Revenge is the act of retaliating in order to get even with someone for the wrongs they have done. In the novel "The Scarlet Letter," the author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, uses Roger Chillingworth to reap revenge on Arthur Dimmesdale for his affair with his wife, Hester Prynne. Chillingworth becomes so devoted to revenge that is all his life revolves around. Chillingworth then devotes the rest of his life to taking revenge on Dimmesdale. As the novel progressed, Chillingworth fits the profile of vengeance destroys the avenger. When Roger Chillingworth is first introduced to the reader, we see a kind old man, who just has planted the seeds for revenge. Although he did speak of getting his revenge, when Hester first met her husband in her jail cell, she did not see any evil in him. Because Hester would not tell him, who she had slept with, Chillingworth vowed that he would spend the rest of his life having his revenge and that he would eventually suck the soul out of the man, whom she had the affair with. "There is a sympathy that will make me conscious of him. I shall see him tremble. I shall feel myself shudder, suddenly and unawares" (Hawthorne, 101) As the novel develops, Roger Chillingworth has centered himself on Arthur Dimmesdale, but he cannot prove that he is the "one." Chillingworth has become friends with Dimmesdale, because he has a "strange disease," that needed to be cured; Chillingworth suspects something and begins to drill Dimmesdale. "... The disorder is a strange one...hath all the operation of this disorder been fairly laid open to me and recounted to me" (Hawthorne, 156). As Chillingworth continues to drill Dimmesdale, he strikes a nerve. "You deal not, I take it, in medicine for the soul! ... With a frantic gesture, he rushed out of the room" (Hawthorne, 157). As Chillingworth continued to harp on Dimmesdale, he has become the devil, who has found out that he is the one who had sinned against him. He,(Dimmesdale), is "a rare case...I must search this matter to the bottom" (Hawthorne, 158). When Chillingworth overheard Dimmesdale having a bad dream, he entered his quarters and "laid his hand upon his bosom, and thrust aside the vestment, that, ... had always covered it even from the professional eye" (Hawthorne, 159). What Chillingworth had saw there, no one knows, but we know that he saw Dimmesdale's sin on his chest. "... With a wild look of wonder, joy, and horror ... (with) the extravagant gestures with which he threw up his arms towards the ceiling, and stamped his foot upon the floor" (Hawthorne, 159). When Chillingworth becomes the Devil, he is doing many strange things. Chillingworth is keeping himself secluded, and is seen lurking around town in a creepy manner. Roger secluded himself from everyday life to keep his plot for revenge focused. His plot is working too, Dimmesdale's "... soul shivers ... at the sight of the man" (Hawthorne, 240). Chillingworth is also spending a great deal of time in the "forest trees ... searching for roots and twigs, for his strange medicines" (Hawthorne, 145). The townspeople even see that Roger Chillingworth is pure evil. When the town first meets Chillingworth, they think he is a kind old doctor that would not harm a soul. " At first, his expression had been meditative, scholar like" (Hawthorne, 149). While Chillingworth was acting out his revenge plan, the public view of him changed. "Now there was something ugly and evil in his face, which they had not previously noticed, and which still grew the more obvious to sight, the oftener they looked upon him. According to vulgar idea, the fire in his laboratory had been brought from the lower regions, and was fed with internal fuel; and so, as might be expected, his visage was getting sooty with the smoke. Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth's wife, sees that Roger Chillingworth is not the man whom she once knew; he has now become a fiend. " ... There came a red glare out of his eyes; as the man's soul were on fire, and kept smoldering duskily within his breast" (Hawthorne, 187). "And thee, answered Hester Prynne, for the hatred that has transformed a wise and

Effectiveness of EL interventions for facilitating children’s social and emotional development The WritePass Journal

Effectiveness of EL interventions for facilitating children’s social and emotional development 1.Introduction Effectiveness of EL interventions for facilitating children’s social and emotional development ; Palaiologou, 2016). Vygotsky (1986), on the other hand, did not view child development as an individual process which resulted from environmental interaction, but as the result of social interaction (Justice and Sofka, 2010). The researcher introduced the term zone of proximal development to signify actions that the child can learn from others and the zone of actual development to signify actions that the child can maste (Justice and Sofka, 2010)r. From this perspective, Vygotsky (1986) argued that the process of learning is characterized by a partnership between the child who learns and the adult who substantiates the learning needs of the child through social interaction (Justice and Sofka, 2010). Currently, in the most classroom environments, the cognitive model of Piaget (1929) is used, in which children pass through development stages that are mandatory. However these stages cannot be correlated with children who, under social cultural influence, have to acquire behaviours that their counterparties only acquire later in life. For example some children may learn reading and writing earlier than their counterparties.   In this regard, Biddulph (1995) makes a connection between failure in cognitive tasks at an early age and aggressive behaviour among children in primary schools arguing for the importance of EL. In Piaget’s model, emotional literacy is disregarded in favour of cognitive literacy, which leaves children exposed to negative emotions and subsequent problematic behaviour (Sherwood, 2008). At this point, it is important to explain the notion of EL. This is defined as a set of skills that encompass the ability to recognise, comprehend, manage and express appropriately emotions. EL is also referred to as emotional knowledge (Park and Tew, 2007). Other definitions of this concept describe it as the practice of thinking collectively and individually about the way in which emotions shape actions and use this understanding for attaining an enhanced thinking capacity (Park and Tew, 2007). One other possible definition of this term describes EL as a process of interaction by which a better understanding of personal and collective emotions is achieved. This understanding of emotion is then used to inform actions (Park and Tew, 2007). Social and emotional developments in children have been connected with EL as well as with academic achievement as many of the skills need for attaining academic success are similar with skills that come with EL (Brian, 2006). These include the use of language, cooperation with teachers and peers as well as being able to listen. At the same time, EL promotes a safe and caring environment for children in which positive relations are established which in return provide emotional security to children and help them reach their developmental potential   (Brian, 2006). 3.EL Interventions Several EL interventions that aim to achieve child social and emotional development have been implemented. These will be discussed in the following sections. From the literature, studies testing their efficiency have been extracted. According to the setting and approach used by these interventions, three types of EL interventions have been distinguished: EL interventions under the form of educational programmes, EL interventions that focused on parental involvement and School Based EL. The following sections will assess the efficiency of the EL categories interventions identified. 3.1.EL Delivered by Educational Programs A pilot study conducted by Gimà ©nez-Dasà ­, Fernndez-Snchez and Quintanilla (2015) demonstrated that children as young as 2 years old can benefit from EL interventions. The study contained a total number of 54 participants who were randomly assisted to control and experiment group. Baseline measurements were taken and the intervention was applied. In this case, the intervention to the experimental group consisted of a 30-min session per week for a period of six months. The EL training was delivered by a teacher who had been previously trained in this procedure.   Anova analysis of the two groups showed that the intervention group had higher scores in affective knowledge and social competence but both group maintained roughly the same level of emotional regulation capacity (Gimà ©nez-Dasà ­, Fernndez-Snchez and Quintanilla, 2015). The authors conclude that this intervention was efficient, at least in part, in improving EL in children as young as 2 years old. A similar population was studied by Camil et al. (2010) who conducted a meta-analysis study of 123 comparative interventions with EL and control groups for pre-school children. In the selected studies the EL intervention was delivered either by direct intervention in a pedagogical manner or via inquiries which set a stronger emphasis on student participation. The authors found that  Ã‚   EL interventions which focused on cognition tend to have a descending effect through time. Simply put, the effects did not last. Direct intervention EL showed some positive effects for cognition yet individualisation had a more significant impact. Burger (2010) also argues that EL intervention programs have some short-term and long-term effects even for children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Going back to the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky it can be argued that quality social interactions aids child development even under an improper economic environment, hence Vygotsky approach of information t ransfer seems more efficient for EL. Another study conducted by Humphrey et al. (2010) with children in the age group of 6 to 11 years old noted that EL has been attained and maintained by children seven weeks following the intervention. Similar to the methodology used by (Gimà ©nez-Dasà ­, Fernndez-Snchez and Quintanilla (2015), Humphrey et al. (2010) divided the 253 children participating in the study in control and intervention groups. The conclusions of this study have demonstrated improved EL skills in children when data was analysed from self-reporting questionnaires, but the same results were not present when self-reporting questionnaires from parents and students were assessed (Humphrey et al.,2010). This renders questionable the efficiency of the intervention, especially since the duration of the programme was only 7 weeks and data was collected under the influence of participant reporting bias by self-reporting questionnaires. Liew (2012) argues that self-regulatory interventions that aim at achieving social and emotional development need to be administered in conjunction with temperament-based frameworks. In other words, cognition and learning comes easier when there is a self-regulatory mechanism already in place. As this author argues, separating the two does not provide long lasting EL effects (Liew, 2012). One way to analyse this statement is to assume that EL interventions in schools may be more successful as they will encompass both cognitive as emotional development. The next section will analyse these aspects. 3.2.EL School Interventions One such study (Brown and Aber, 2011) analysed results upon delivering an intervention consisting of social-emotional learning with literacy development for childrens social, emotional, behavioural, and academic functioning. The intervention lasted for two years, with 1,184 children from 18 elementary schools taking part in this experiment. As with the previous two studies discussed (Gimà ©nez-Dasà ­, Fernndez-Snchez and Quintanilla 2015; Humphrey et al., 2010) baseline measurements were taken and children were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Two years after the intervention, children in the intervention group noted improvements in self-report of hostile attribution bias and aggressive interpersonal negotiation strategies. Lower levels of depression have also been recorded in this group. Teachers in the participating schools also reported less instances of aggressive behaviour, higher attention skills and higher social competent behaviour in these children ( Brown and Aber, 2011). Denham and Brown (2010) discuss the notion of Social–emotional learning (SEL) and its possibility to aid child social and emotional development through an integrated framework (Appendix 1) that encompasses school, parents and peers for aiding achieving development. At the same time, the authors link SEL with academic success and note that this model may be adjusted to a variety of variables which would suit the child’s development needs (i.e. student teacher interaction or child parent interaction) (Denham and Brown, 2010). Given that the framework accounts for a the main relationships that are defined by social interaction, by the skills needed to obtain positive interaction and by accounting for the environment and self-regulatory mechanisms, it can be argued that its application may be highly effective. Nevertheless, due to its complex nature, the framework may also be difficult to apply and may also require high levels of cooperation between children, parents and te achers for it to be implemented. Durlak et al. (2011) conducted a meta-analysis study researching the effects of SEL in various schools. A total number of 270,034 participants were accounted for from the 213 analysed studies. The participants were followed up from kindergarten through high school. By contrast with control groups, children that were involved in SEL programs showed significant improvements in attitudes, social skills as well as emotional skills. Additionally, academic performance and behaviour were also improved by 11 percentile-point gain in contrast to control groups. Upon analysing the results, Durlak et al. (2011) concluded that the most successful SEL programs focus on four distinct areas, combining them for attaining optimal results. These are strategies that include emotion, behaviour, cognition and communication. As the authors argue, EL programmes which do not include all these components may achieve only short term benefits and may also be less successful. Kramer et al. (2009) obtained similar results in a qualitative study design involving 67 student participants and 67 parents/caregivers. The implemented SEL strategy was delivered via a new curriculum named Start Strong. The programme was developed two years prior to this study, and included various EL strategies including behavioural and cognitive tasks (Merrell et al., 2007). Kramer et al. (2009) investigated not only the effects of this curriculum for SEL but also potential barriers to implementation of such programs in schools and the support provided by local educational authorities.   Based on the analysis of the collected information, the authors concluded that there were statistically noticeable improvements in child behaviour and emotional skills. These effects were maintained in the 6-week follow-up measurements. The authors also identified barriers to implementation, such as limited understanding of the programme, lack of interest and limited resources delivered by local authorities. 3.3.Parental Involvement Other researchers followed the lines of the theory developed by Vygotsky in regards to exploiting the notion of zone of proximal development. Thus, a series of studies investigated the effects of parental involvement for child EL. Sheridan et al. (2010) argue that parental engagement is connected with a series of adaptive skills in children who are in the pre-school age group. The authors conducted a randomised control trial with a longitudinal approach using parental involvement as an EL strategy. A total number 220 children participated in the research and data was collected for a period of four years. The authors noted that significant differences were observed between the control and the intervention group in self-control, aggression and anger and other behavioural problems. Furthermore, differences were also noted in initiative behaviour, attachment and anxiety and withdraw behaviours.   While the authors concluded that parental involvement plays a significant role in child de velopment of emotional and social skills and overall EL, Sheridan et al. (2010) also note that this area needs further exploration. In a similar study conducted in Australia, Havighurst et al. (2014) analysed the effectiveness of EL intervention that involved parents and teachers for children with severe behavioural issues. Professionals delivering the intervention had background training in EL while parents involved in the experimental group were trained via the Tuning in to Kids (TIK) method, developed by Havighurst et al. (2009). Positive results of using this tool for training parents in being more emotionally attentive with their children have also been reported by Wilson et al. (2012). The results obtained by Havighurst et al. (2014) in measuring the real world effects of the TIK intervention as an EL strategy showed that children of parents who attended TIK obtained significant behavioural improvements, including higher levels of behavioural control, social positive interaction, empathy and   better emotion understanding. 4.Conclusion Based on the studies analysed in regards to EL interventions, a series of conclusions can be drawn. Initially it is important to point out that almost none of the EL strategies follow the approach of Paige in regards to environmental implications for development and stages of learning.   However,   some notes to different age groups and the effects of the EL strategy were made. In this regard, Gimà ©nez-Dasà ­, Fernndez-Snchez and Quintanilla (2015) showed that children as young as two can obtain some benefits from EL, yet the small age may be a factor for which behavioural control was not achieved. Moreover, if looking at programme interventions and school-based interventions, it is notable that these studies focused on bringing in a professional or training a professional to teach children EL. This in return implies that Vygotsky theory of knowledge transfer from adults to children is the preferred approach for EL. This becomes particularly evident in EL strategies that aim f or parental involvement, where children of parents who are taught to be more emotionally aware of their child’s social and developmental needs, obtain positive results in EL. As it was noted, interventions that are delivered with focus on only one area (behaviour, emotion, cognition and communication) do not bring efficient or lasting effects, especially if they are delivered for a short period of time and if there is little interest or understanding of the intervention (Liew, 2012)Moreover, some frameworks are extensively complex and their complexity may act as a barrier for implementation. Effective EL strategies must begin early, preferably in the pre-school period especially considering that good EL plays a strong part in cognitive capacity. Furthermore, effective EL interventions must include all four areas of development and should be relatively easy to apply and understand. 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